中心议题:
* IDT90E36计量芯片介绍
* IDT90E36高精度三相电能表设计方案
IDT 公司的IDT90E36三相电能计量芯片,集成了7个单独的2阶sigma-delta ADC,可实现三相四线系统中的三个电压通路(A,B和C相)和四个电流通路(A,B,C相和中线)。90E36三相计量芯片拥有6000:1 的业界最宽动态范围,以及结合了专有温度补偿技术的最低温度系数,在各种应用和环境条件下能保持极佳性能,为电表制造商提供了更高灵活度。该芯片还 支持谐波表的设计。本文介绍了90E36主要特性,方框图以及三相四线电流互感器(CT)电表电路图和材料清单, 三相四线Rogowski线圈电表电路图和材料清单, 三相三线电表电路图和材料清单.
IDT90E36主要特性
计量特点
• Metering features fully in compliance with the requirements of IEC62052-11, IEC62053-22 and IEC62053-23, ANSI C12.1 and ANSI C12.20; applicable in class 0.5S or class 1 poly-phase watt-hour meter or class 2 poly-phase var-hour meter.
• Accuracy of ±0.1% for active energy and ±0.2% for reactive energy over the dynamic range of 6000:1.
• Temperature coefficient is 6 ppm/ ℃ (typical) for on-chip reference voltage.
• Single-point calibration on each phase over the whole dynamic ange for active energy; no calibration needed for reactive/ apparent energy.
• ±1 ℃ (typical) temperature sensor accuracy.
• Electrical parameters measurement: less than ±0.5% fiducial error for Vrms, Irms, mean active/ reactive/ apparent power, frequency, power factor and phase angle.
• Active (forward/reverse), reactive (forward/reverse), apparent energy with independent energy registers. Active/ reactive/ apparent energy can be output by pulse or read through energy registers to adapt to different applications.
• Programmable startup and no-load power threshold, special designed of startup and no-load circuits to eliminate crosstalk among phases achieving better accuracy especially at low power conditions.
• Dedicated ADC and different gains for phase A/B/C and Neutral line current sampling circuits. Current sampled over current transformer (CT) or Rogowski coil (di/dt coil); phase A/B/C voltage sampled over resistor divider network or potential transformer (PT).
• Programmable power modes: Normal mode (N mode), Idle mode (I mode), Detection mode (D mode) and Partial Measurement mode (M mode).
• Fundamental (CF3, 0.2%) and harmonic (CF4, 1%) active energy with dedicated energy and power registers.
• Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) functions for 2 ~ 32 order harmonic component. THD and DFT results available in SPI accessible registers. Both voltage and current of all phases processed within the same time period.
• Event detection: sag, phase loss, reverse voltage/ current phase sequence, reverse flow, calculated neutral line current INC overcurrent sampled neutral line current INS overcurrent and THD+N over-threshold.
其他特点
• 3.3V single power supply. Operating voltage range: 2.8V~3.6V. Metering accuracy guaranteed within 3.0V~3.6V.
• Four-wire SPI interface with Direct Memory Access (DMA) mode to stream out 7-channel ADC raw data.
• Parameter diagnosis function and programmable interrupt output of the IRQ interrupt signals and the WarnOut signal.
• Programmable voltage sag detection and zero-crossing output.
• CF1/CF2/CF3/CF4 output active/ reactive/ apparent energy pulses and fundamental/ harmonic energy pulses respectively.
• Crystal oscillator frequency: 16.384 MHz. On-chip two capacitors and no need of external capacitors.
• TQFP48 package.
• Operating temperature: -40 ℃ ~ +85 ℃ .
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图1.90E36方框图
基于IDT90E32/36 三相电能表的设计方案
IDT90E36 可用于0.5S 级或1 级三相有功电能表和无功电能表的设计,并可支持三相四线(3P4W) 或三相三线(3P3W)的接线方式,90E36 还可用于谐波表的设计。
芯片采用3.3V 单一电源供电。在典型的3P4W 设计中,需要三个独立的变压器进行供电。交流电源经整流和稳压后输出3.3V 到芯片数字电源DVDD,芯片模拟电源AVDD 应直接与DVDD 连接。
芯片内部具有上电复位电路,外部RESET 引脚可以接一个10kΩ 电阻到DVDD 和一个0.1μF 电容到GND。芯片具有高稳定性的片上基准电源,Vref 引脚需要外接10μF 和0.1μF 两个电容。
芯片采用16.384MHz 频率做为系统工作频率,芯片内建了晶体振荡电路和10pF 的匹配电容,应用时只需要在OSCI 和 OSCO 引脚接一个16.384MHz 晶体。90E36还额外多提供一路电流采样(I4)。
电流采样中的I1 和I3 可以通过设置进行互换,以适应不同的PCB 设计。
芯片提供了一个四线的SPI 接口(CS,SCLK,SDI,SDO)与外部MCU 连接,MCU 可通过SPI 接口对芯片进行配置和读写寄存器。90E36 还可支持Master
在DMA 模式下,芯片会以高达1800kbps 的速率将A/D 的原始采样数据通过Master SPI 输出给外部微处理器进行处理。芯片提供了四个电能脉冲输出引脚:有功电能脉冲CF1、无功电能脉冲CF2( 也可配置成全波视在电能脉冲输出)、基波有功电能脉冲CF3、谐波有功电能脉冲CF4,可用于芯片电能计量的校准,同时也可以将脉冲信号连接到MCU 进行电能累计。
芯片提供了三个过零信号输出引脚ZX0、ZX1、ZX2,可设置不同的电压或电流信号做为过零判断。
芯片提供了IRQ0、IRQ1、WarnOut 输出引脚,分别输出不同等级的中断和报警信号。
三相四线(3P4W) 应用
图2.90E36三相四线电流互感器(CT)电表电路图
三相四线电流互感器(CT)电表材料清单:
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图3.90E36三相四线Rogowski线圈电表电路图
三相四线Rogowski线圈电表材料清单:

图4.90E36三相三线电表电路图
三相三线电表材料清单(BOM):