系统工程的渐进

中心议题：
        *汽车的电动化进程

对于当前的汽车的电动化进程，了解越多越知道差距。很多事情是不能比的，越比呢越发现是没啥前途的，特别是在国内你只能看到一个产品，只有寥寥无几的参数，费了很大劲一层层剖析开来，才能发现其本质是你料想不到的。在此无疑诋毁“产学研”的方针和计划，只是觉得将源头的科研成果笼罩在一层迷雾里头似乎并不是很明智。

从美国的一个“先进车辆”计划来看看其脉络倒是作为参照的最好途径。FreedomCAR（自由合作汽车研究）是整个计划的代称，各位是无法从google得到相关的信息的，因为会被重置。这个计划是由美国能源部（DOE）和美国的汽车研究会（SAE）在2002年1月宣布新的合作研究工作。其涉足的领域包括：

Advanced combustion and emission control

Batteries/electrochemical energy storage

此计划分为三个大的方向:

1.Advanced Battery Development, System Analysis, and Testing 

2.Applied Battery Research (ABR) 

3.Focused Fundamental Research, or Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies (BATT)

Electric propulsion systems (e.g., power electronics, electric motors)

=>Advanced Power Electronics and Electric Machines (APEEM)

子项目其实划分成了6个方向，所有的文件都是按照这个原则进行研发的。

1.novel traction motor designs that result in increased power density and lower cost; 

牵引电机

2.inverter technologies involving new topologies to achieve higher efficiency, with the ability to accommodate higher temperature environments while achieving high reliability;

逆变器 

3. converter concepts that use methods of reducing the component count and integrating functionality to decrease size, weight, and cost; 

转换器

4. new onboard battery charging concepts that result in decreased cost and size;

充电机

5. more effective thermal control through innovative packaging technologies; 

散热方案

6. integrated motor/inverter concepts.

集成方案

Fuel cell power systems

Materials technologies (e.g., for lightweighting)

Vehicle systems and analysis

Vehicle-to-electricity grid interaction

On-board hydrogen storage

Hydrogen production and delivery

Hydrogen codes and standards

在其计划中，基本每年都会出一些报告：

总的报告：

• 2010 Accomplishments Report

• 2009 Accomplishments Report

• 2008 Accomplishments Report

• 2007 Accomplishments Report

• 2006 Accomplishments Report

• 2005 Accomplishments Report

• 2004 Accomplishments Report

• 2003 Accomplishments Report

• 2002 Accomplishments Report

Energy Storage

包括以下报告：

2010

• Energy Storage Research and Development

2009

• Energy Storage Research and Development

2008

• Energy Storage Research and Development

2007

• Energy Storage Research and Development

2006

• Energy Storage Research and Development

2005

• Energy Storage Research and Development

2004

• Energy Storage Research and Development

2003

• Energy Storage Research and Development

2002

• Energy Storage Research and Development

2001

• Advanced Technology Development (High-Power Battery)

• Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies (High-Energy Battery)

• Electric Vehicle Batteries

• Vehicle High-Power Energy Storage

2000

• Vehicle High-Power Energy Storage Program

Electric Propulsion

2010

• Advanced Power Electronics and Electric Motors

2009

• Advanced Power Electronics

2008

• Advanced Power Electronics and Electric Machinery

2007

• Advanced Power Electronics and Electric Machinery

2006

• Advanced Power Electronics Technology Area

2005

• Advanced Power Electronics and Electric Machinery

2004

2003

2002

2001

• Vehicle Power Electronics and Electric Machines

2000

仔细看这些报告，就会发现很有意思的东西在里头，以2010年的Electric Propulsion报告为例：

2.Power Electronics Research and Technology Development

2.1 Wide Bandgap Materials

2.2 Direct Water-Cooled Power Electronics Substrate Packaging

2.3 High Temperature, High Voltage Fully Integrated Gate Driver Circuit

2.4 Inverter Using Current Source Topology

2.5 A Segmented Drive Inverter Topology with a Small dc Bus Capacitor

2.6 Novel Packaging to Reduce Stray Inductance in Power Electronics

2.7 Air-Cooled Traction Drive Inverter

2.8.Power Device Packaging

2.9 Development, Test and Demonstration of a Cost- Effective, Compact, Light-Weight, and Scalable High Temperature Inverter for HEVs, PHEVs, and FCVs

2.10 High Dielectric Constant Capacitors for Power Electronic Systems

2.11 High Temperature Thin Film Polymer Dielectric Based Capacitors for HEV Power Electronic Systems

2.12 Glass Ceramic Dielectrics for DC Bus Capacitors

2.13 Development of SiC Large Tapered Crystal Growth

3.Electric Motor Research and Technology Development

3.1 A New Class of Switched Reluctance Motors Without Permanent Magnets

3.2 Novel Flux Coupling Machine Without Permanent Magnets

3.3 Permanent Magnet Development for Automotive Traction Motors

3.4 Scalable, Low-Cost, High Performance IPM Motor for Hybrid Vehicles

4.Systems Research and Technology Development

4.1 Benchmarking Competitive Technologies

4.2 High-Power-Density Integrated Traction Machine Drive

4.3 Advanced Integrated Electric Traction System

4.4 Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) Projects

4.5 Technology and Market Intelligence Regarding

5.0 Thermal Management Research and Technology Development

5.1 Air-Cooling Technology for Power Electronics

5.2 Characterization and Development of Advanced Heat Transfer Technologies

5.3 Electric Motor Thermal Management

5.4 Power Electronics Thermal System Performance and Integration

5.5 Thermal Control of PHEV/EV Charging Systems

5.6 Thermal Performance and Reliability of Bonded Interfaces

5.7 Thermal Stress & Reliability for Advanced Power Electronics & Electric Machines

从这些内容中，我们可以看到其：

Objectives XXX Approach XXX Major Accomplishments XXX Future Direction XXX Technical Discussion XXX

在这些之后，以项目概览的方式，将其设计的结果整理出来，我们比较容易看到他们在做什么，从本质而言，这样的一个计划可以使得GM和Ford汽车公司（悲剧的克莱斯勒把新能源部分给卖了）不用重复做着相同的工作，更多而言，研究的这些东西和结果将成为未来实际产品的坚实基础。你可以清晰的看出，从02年以来，每年这些研究在做什么，有什么成就，未来的方向。

与之对比，我们自己能看到什么？

PS：EDN的博客系统有多不友善和糟糕呢？当我把以上的所有目录，从TXT文件中剪切出来，还需要每个分行的地方进行手工的回车然后用Backspace以免其出现不必要的空格，才能把它分开，在博客编辑系统中和最后的结果中，它呈现出截然不同的状态……